I-Las Amapulazi ama-salmon abe enye yezinjini zezomnotho phakathi kwezinamandla kakhulu eNyakatho Yurophu, futhi iNorway iyisibonelo esihle kunazo zonke: i-salmon aquaculture ilandisa ingxenye enkulu yezinhlanzi zayo ezithunyelwa ngaphandle futhi isekela izinkulungwane zemisebenzi eqondile nengaqondile. Kulesi simo, akumangazi ukuthi ngezikhathi ezithile ... ukunikezwa kwemisebenzi emikhulu exhumene nezindawo zokulima nokucubungula zihlakazeke ogwini lwezwe.
Ezinyangeni ezisanda kwedlula iye yazuza ukubaluleka okuthile ukuvula umsebenzi omkhulu epulazini le-salmon e-Kverva, esifundeni saseFrøya, esidonsa ukunaka kwezisebenzi eziningi zaseYurophu, kuhlanganise nabaseSpain, ngenxa yegama layo. izimo zamaholo, ukuzinza kwenkontileka kanye nemfuneko encane yesipiliyoni sangaphambiliniIsipho, esisatshalaliswa ngezinsizakalo zokuqashwa komphakathi kanye nenethiwekhi ye-EURES yaseYurophu, sibonisa kahle ukuthi imboni ye-salmon isebenza kanjani eNorway namuhla.
INorway, isizinda somhlaba wonke sokulima i-salmon
Emkhakheni we-aquaculture, INorway idlala iligi yayoKusukela ngeminyaka yawo-70, izwe laseScandinavia lenze ukuzibophezela okuqinile kukho ukulima okujulile nokulawulwa kwe-salmon yase-Atlantickuze kufike ephuzwini lokuthi namuhla inesibopho sokukhiqiza cishe ingxenye yezwe. Ngokusho kwedatha yemboni, ngaphezu kwama-74% ezindawo zokudoba zaseNorway kanye nezasemanzini ezithunyelwa ngaphandle Baphuma ngqo kulolu hlobo lwepulazi.
Lobu buholi busekelwa inethiwekhi ebanzi ye amapulazi asolwandle kanye nezitshalo zokucubungula Ehlakazekile kuwo wonke ama-fjords nasezindaweni ezisogwini, lezi zinhlelo zihlanganisa ingqalasizinda esekelwe emhlabeni, izinsiza zamanzi ahlanzekile, nezibaya ezintantayo olwandle oluvulekile. Isikali sale ngqalasizinda siyayenza isidingo esiqhubekayo sokusebenza sivamile ukukhokhela abantu abathatha umhlalaphansi, ukwandiswa kwamandla noma iziqongo zokukhiqiza.
Kuleso simo, inkampani I-SalMar ASA izisungule njengenye yezikhondlakhondla kulo mkhakhaIkhethekile ngokuzalaniswa nokucubungula kwe-salmon yase-Atlantic, inezindawo zokukhiqiza zesimanje ezihlinzeka ngezimakethe kulo lonke elaseYurophu nakwamanye amazwekazi. Isitshalo sawo eKverva, esifundeni saseFrøya, singesinye sezimpawu zalokhu kwandiswa.
Emnothweni waseNorway, umthelela walezi zikhungo udlula kude ukuqashwa okuqondile: Bakhuthaza izinsiza ezisizayo, ezokuthutha, ezokuthutha kanye nohweboLokhu kudala i-ecosystem yezomnotho ezungeze izindawo lapho amapulazi e-salmon atholakala khona. Ngakho-ke, izwe lithatha ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ukuhlakulela isithombe salo njengomkhiqizi onokwethenjelwa futhi othuthuke kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe.
Ngokufanayo, ukukhula komkhakha kuhambisana nalokhu isidingo esiqhubekayo samaphrofayili ngaphandle kwesidingo sobuchwepheshe obuphezuluLokhu kuvula umnyango kubasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe ase-Europe abafuna amaholo aphezulu kunalawo abawathola ezimakethe zendawo.
Ukunikezwa komsebenzi omkhulu e-Kverva: izikhundla eziyi-100 epulazini le-salmon
Kulomongo, I-SalMar ASA yethule isicelo sokuthi kufakwe izicelo zokugcwalisa izikhundla eziyikhulu epulazini layo elikhulu lezinhlanzi kanye nemboni yokucubungula etholakala Kverva, ngaphakathi kumasipala waseFrøyaKuyidolobha elingasogwini elingamakhulu ambalwa amakhilomitha ukusuka e-Oslo, elihlanganiswe ngokuphelele nebhande lezwe lokulima i-salmon.
Okunikezwayo kushicilelwe nge- Isevisi yokuqashwa kwe-Basque Lanbide kanye nenethiwekhi ye-EURES yaseYurophuLokhu kwenza kube lula kubafundi abavela eSpain nakuyo yonke i-EU ukuthi bafunde ngezidingo futhi balethe izicelo zabo. Inkampani ibheka ngokuyinhloko opharetha bokukhiqiza ukusebenza kulayini wokucubungula i-salmon, iphrofayili lapho ukutholakala kanye nekhono lokuzivumelanisa nokusebenza esitezi sefekthri kubaluleke kakhulu.
Enye yezinto ezigqama kakhulu ukuthi Eziningana zalezi zikhundla zihlelwe njengezinkontileka ezihlala njalo.Ngamanye amazwi, akukhona nje ngemikhankaso yesikhashana, kodwa eyokuletha abasebenzi abafuna ukusebenza. ukuhlala eNorway isikhathi esideLe nuance ibalulekile kulabo abazisa iphrojekthi ezinzile ngaphandle kwaseSpain.
Isicelo sezicelo sihlala sivuliwe. kuze kube nguJanuwari 31, 2026Lokhu kunikeza abafakizicelo inkululeko ethile yokuhlela imibhalo yabo, amakhono olimi, kanye nempahla. Kodwa-ke, kuyatuseka ukuthi ungajahi uhlelo lokufaka isicelo, njengoba izikhundla zingagcwaliswa kancane kancane kuye ngezidingo zesitshalo.
Ngokusho kolwazi olukhishwe ngeziteshi ezisemthethweni, umnikelo uqondiswe kubantu abanolwazi i-aquaculture noma ukucubungula ukudla kanye nalabo abangakaze basebenze kulo mkhakha, inqobo nje uma behlangabezana nezidingo eziyisisekelo zokutholakala kolimi nesikhathi.
Imuphi umsebenzi owenziwa epulazini le-salmon njengesisebenzi sokukhiqiza
Amakhandidethi akhethiwe Azofakwa ikakhulukazi njengabasebenzi bokukhiqiza endaweni yokucubungula exhunywe epulazini lama-salmon. Lesi akusona isikhundla sehhovisi, kodwa kunomsebenzi womugqa oqondile, ngokuzungezisana kwezindima nemisebenzi echazwe ngokucacile.
Phakathi kwemisebenzi echazwe yinkampani, okulandelayo kuyagqama: i-salmon fillet, the ukupakishwa komkhiqizo, the ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi okubonakalayo nokusebenzayo kanye nokugcinwa okuqinile inhlanzeko yokudla kanye namazinga okuphepha iphawulwe ngemithetho yaseNorway neyaseYurophu.
Uhlelo lokusebenza luhlanganisa imisebenzi ephindaphindayo yomzimba, amathuluzi okusika nokupakisha, kanye ukubuyekeza njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nezidingo zesisindo, ukubukeka, nokupakishwaNakuba inkampani ingadingi ulwazi oluthile, iyalazisa ikhono lokusebenza ngokunaka imininingwane nokuhlonipha izivumelwano ezimisiwe.
Enye ingxenye ebalulekile yokusebenza kwansuku zonke ukuhambisana nemithetho yezempilo. Izindawo zokucubungula ama-salmon zisebenza ngaphansi ukuhlanza okuqinile, ukukhishwa kwamagciwane kanye nezilawuli zokulandela umkhondoNgakho-ke, abasebenzi kufanele balandele ngokuqinile imiyalelo ephathelene nezingubo, ukugeza izandla, ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokuzivikela kanye nokuphatha umkhiqizo.
Kwezinye izimo, opharetha bangabamba iqhaza kanye nje imisebenzi ehlobene nokusetshenziswa kwangaphakathi, njengamabhokisi ahambayo, ukulungisa ama-pallets noma ukuhlinzeka ngokusekela endaweni yokugcina, njalo ngaphakathi kohlaka lokuphepha ne-ergonomic olusungulwe yinkampani.
Umholo, amahora okusebenza namabhonasi emapulazini ase-Norwegian salmon
Enye yezinto eziheha kakhulu leli khwelo leziphakamiso wuhlangothi lwezezimali. Ngokusho kwedatha enikeziwe, Umholo oyisisekelo ngu-228,46 Norwegian kroner ngehora, ecishe ilingane ne 19,86 euros ngehora esetshenziwe ngezinga lokushintshisana kwamanje.
Nge Isonto lomsebenzi lamahora angama-36,5Imali engenayo yanyanga zonke isikhona isamba semali engu-3.000 eurosLesi sibalo singase sibonakale sikhanga kakhulu uma siqhathaniswa namaholo ezikhundla ezifanayo engxenyeni enkulu ye-Europe, lapho inkokhelo ngokuvamile iba ngaphansi kakhulu emisebenzini engadingi ukuqeqeshwa okuthuthukile.
Ngaphezu komholo wesisekelo, inkampani ibheka izithasiselo kanye nezibonelelo zamashifu athileIkakhulukazi, abasebenzi abasebenza ngaphakathi Abasebenzi beshifu yantambama bathola ibhonasi engu-20% emholweni wabo wehora, isinxephezelo esinxephezela izimo zokukhanya ezincishisiwe ezivamile zasebusika base-Norwegian kanye neshejuli edingeka kancane.
Isakhiwo sosuku sihlelwe kanje: NgoMsombuluko kuya kuLwesihlanuukushiya izimpelasonto mahhala, okwenza kube lula ukuhlela impilo yomuntu siqu nokuphumula. Phakathi neshifu ngayinye, okulandelayo kuhleliwe: amakhefu amathathu, elilodwa lakhokhaukuze abasebenzi bakwazi ukunqamula, badle noma bashaje kabusha ngaphandle kokuthi iholo labo lithinteke.
Sekukonke, iphakethe lesinxephezelo namahora okusebenza abeka le misebenzi ngaphezu kwemisebenzi eminingi yezinga lekhono eliphansi noma eliphakathi nendawo etholakala kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, okuchaza intshisekelo ekhulayo evela kumakhandidethi aseSpain, Portugal, Italy noma Eastern Europe.
Izidingo zokungenela kanye nephrofayili yekhandidethi
Esinye sezici ezenza lokhu okunikezwayo kufinyeleleke ikakhulukazi ukuthi Asikho isipiliyoni sangaphambilini sokulima i-salmon noma ukuqeqeshwa okuthile okudingekayo. ukufaka izicelo zezikhundla. Inkampani iyagcizelela, nokho, ukuthi izokhetha labo abangabonisa ulwazi oluthile ku ukucubungula ukudla, imboni yenyama, ukudoba noma i-aquaculturekodwa alwethuli njengesimo esibalulekile.
Isidingo esithathwa njengokhiye yi- ulwazi oluyisisekelo lwezilimiInkampani idinga ukuthi abafake izicelo babe neyodwa izinga lokuqala lesiNgisi noma isiNorwegian okubavumela ukuthi baqonde imiyalelo, baxhumane nozakwabo, futhi baphathe imiyalelo yokuphepha ngaphakathi kwezikhungo.
Isidingo salokho asicacisiwe. izitifiketi zolimi ezisemthethweniNgakho-ke, izinga lingaqinisekiswa ngezingxoxo nezinqubo zokukhetha. Noma kunjalo, kulabo abaqala ekuqaleni, kungase kube kuhle ukuthi balungiselele isiNgisi esiyisisekelo ngaphambi kokufaka izicelo zabo ukuze bandise amathuba abo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-SalMar ASA ikhombisa ukuthi izobaluleka ngokukhethekile Abafakizicelo abazimisele ukuhlala eNorway isikhathi esideUkunikeza izikhundla ezihlala unomphela kusho ukuthi inkampani ifuna uzinzo kubasebenzi bayo, inciphise inzuzo futhi igxile kubantu abafuna ukuthuthukisa impilo yabo yokusebenza lapho iminyaka eminingana.
Mayelana nephrofayili ejwayelekile, sifuna abantu abanekhono loku ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezibandayo nezinomswakama, landela izinqubo zomsebenzi wezimboni futhi uhambisane nemithetho eqinile yenhlanzeko. Ukuzimisela ukusebenza njengengxenye yeqembu nokugcina ukuxhumana okuhle endaweni enamasiko amaningi nakho kuthathwa njengokuhlanganisa.
Ukufuywa kwe-salmon kusebenza kanjani kula mapulazi
Ngaphandle komsebenzi, kubalulekile ukuqonda Yini ngempela eyenziwa epulazini lesimanje lama-salmon?Umjikelezo wokukhiqiza, kusukela lapho izinhlanzi zincane kakhulu zize zifinyelele kumthengi ngendlela ye-fillet, ngokuvamile zidlulela cishe cishe iminyaka emithathu.
Esigabeni sokuqala, i-salmon ikhuliswa ngaphakathi izinsiza zamanzi ahlanzekile ezisekelwe emhlabeningezinhlelo ezilawulwayo ezivumela ukulawulwa kwezinga lokushisa, ikhwalithi yamanzi, nokudla. Lesi sigaba siyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa ukuthi izibonelo ezincane zikhula endaweni ephephile neqashwe ngeso lokhozi, kuncishiswe ukufa kanye nezinkinga zempilo.
Uma sezifinyelele ubukhulu obuthile, izinhlanzi ziyahamba izindawo zasolwandleNgokuvamile zigcinwa ezibayeni ezinkulu ezintantayo ezitholakala kuma-fjords noma ezindaweni ezivikelekile ezisogwini. Lapho ziqeda ukukhula kwazo zize zifinyelele esisindweni esifanele sokuhweba ukuze zicutshungulwe ngokulandelayo.
Ukunciphisa ubungozi obuhambisana ne izifo noma izilokazane ezifana nezintwala zasolwandleAbanye abakhiqizi bakhethe post-smolt emhlabeni noma nge amasistimu okubamba avaliwengokwandisa isikhathi i-salmon esichitha ngaphandle kolwandle oluvulekile. Lelisu lihlose ukuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yezilwane kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wendawo.
Ngokwesikhala, umthethonqubo uthi ngamunye Ipeni lamanzi olwandle kufanele ligcine okungenani amanzi angama-97,5% kanye ne-biomass engu-2,5% kuphela.Lokhu kusho ukuthi izinhlanzi zinomthamo omkhulu okufanele zibhukude futhi zithuthuke, zizama ukuzala ngangokunokwenzeka izimo ezifanayo nalezo ezitholakala emvelweni ngaphakathi kwesistimu ye-aquaculture.
Izinzuzo ezengeziwe kanye nezimo zokuphila ezizungeze ipulazi
Ngaphezu kweholo, ukunikezwa kwe-SalMar ASA kufaka phakathi inani izinzuzo ezihambisanayo eziklanyelwe ukusiza ukuzivumelanisa nezimo yalabo abajoyina abasebenzi. Phakathi kwabo, ukufinyelela i-gym ezikhungweni kanye nethuba lokusebenzisa a Isevisi yokudla ngentengo ephansi kakhulu, cishe ama-euro amabili ngosuku.
Lezi zinzuzo zingaphezu kwesakhiwo esikhona sekhefu elikhokhelwayo. ukuzinza okuhlinzekwa yinkontileka evulekile kusukela ekuqaleni kwezinye zezikhundla. Kubasebenzi abaningi bakwamanye amazwe, ukuba nomsebenzi waphakade ezweni elinohlelo oluqinile lokuvikelwa komphakathi kungenza umehluko omkhulu esikhathini esimaphakathi.
Ukuhlala endaweni efana Izindawo zokuhlala e- Kverva Kusho futhi ukuzivumelanisa nesimo sezwe esisogwini, esinobusika amnyama nabandayo kodwa nge izinga eliphezulu lempilo kanye nezinsiza zomphakathi ezithuthuke kahleNakuba kungelona idolobha elikhulu, lesi sifunda sixhumene kakhulu nomkhakha wezasolwandle, okwenza kube nomphakathi ojwayele ukwamukela abasebenzi ngaphandle.
Iqiniso lokuthi ukunikezwa kwethulwa ngokusebenzisa izinkundla zomphakathi ezifana neLanbide kanye nenethiwekhi ye-EURES Lokhu kwengeza izinga lokungafihli nokuvikeleka ohlelweni. Lawa manethiwekhi ngokuvamile ahlinzeka ngolwazi losekelo lwezinqubo, ukuqashelwa kokuqinisekisa, noma imibuzo ehlobene nokusebenza e-Norway.
Kulabo abacabanga ukucwila emanzini, kungase kube usizo ukufunda ngakho izindleko zezindlu, ezokuthutha zendawo kanye nesimo sezulu esifundeni, ukuze isinqumo singasekelwe emholweni kuphela, kodwa embonweni womhlaba wonke wokuthi kusho ukuthini ukuhlala endaweni yokulima i-salmon enyakatho yeYurophu.
Isimo samanje se- Amapulazi e-Salmon eNorway anikeza inhlanganisela engavamile Ngokuqashwa okuzinzile, amaholo aphezulu abasebenzi abanamakhono aphansi, kanye nemboni esizinze kahle esifundeni, umnikelo omkhulu we-SalMar ASA e-Kverva uyisibonelo esihle sokuthi lo mkhakha uqhubeka kanjani nokudinga abasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe, kuyilapho futhi uthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezobuchwepheshe nempilo ekulimeni ama-salmon okuzuzisa abasebenzi kanye nabathengi baseYurophu.
