Emanzini acwebezelayo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka azungeze iziqhingi zaseNingizimu Pacific, izinhlanzi zasemanzini zibonakala ziqhubeka nomsebenzi wazo ojwayelekile. Kodwa-ke, ngaphakathi emizimbeni yazo, eziningi zalezi zinhlobo zigcina izimfihlo ezifihliwe. amapulasitiki amancane cishe akunakwenzeka ukuwabona ngamehlo enyamaizinhlayiya ezincane ezingene ochungechungeni lokudla futhi ziwumthombo wokukhathazeka kokubili kososayensi kanye nemiphakathi yasogwini.
Ucwaningo olunzulu olwenziwe esifundeni luveze ukuthi Izinhlanzi zasemanzini nasezindaweni ezihlala phansi eFiji zibonisa amazinga aphezulu kakhulu okungcola kwe-microplastic.Imiphumela ayigcini nje ngokugqamisa lezi ziqhingi ezikude, kodwa futhi isebenza njengesixwayiso nakwezinye izindawo zokudoba emhlabeni wonke, okuhlanganisa neYurophu, lapho ukudla izinhlanzi kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla.
Ucwaningo lwesifunda olukhomba iFiji njengendawo edume kakhulu yokungcola
Uphenyo, oluhlelwe ngochwepheshe abavela ku- IYunivesithi yaseNingizimu Pacific, kuhlaziywe Izinhlanzi zasogwini ezingu-878 zezinhlobo ezingu-138 ezahlukeneAmasampula aqoqwe ngabadobi abadoba ngokuziphilisa kanye nabadobi abadoba ngezinga elincane eFiji, eTonga, eTuvalu naseVanuatu. Inhloso kwakuwukuthola ukuthi ama-microplastic angene kangakanani ezindaweni zemvelo zasolwandle zalezi zizwe eziqhingini.
Ngokusho kwedatha eqoqiwe, Cishe ama-33% ezinhlanzi ezihloliwe aqukethe okungenani inhlayiya eyodwa yepulasitiki encaneLesi sibalo esivele sikhathazayo sikhuphuke kakhulu endabeni yaseFiji, lapho cishe amasampula amathathu kwangu-4 ahlaziyiwe abonise izinga elithile lokungcola, okulingana cishe nelilodwa. Ama-75% ezinhlanzi ezithathwe isampula.
Lesi silinganiso sidlula kalula isilinganiso somhlaba wonke esilinganiselwa ku-49%Lokhu kubeka iFiji phakathi kwezindawo ezinezinhlayiya ezincane ezibhalwe phansi kakhulu ezinhlanzini zamatshe. Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinga lokutheleleka eVanuatu laliphansi kakhulu. Cishe u-5% kuphela wezinhlanzi ezihloliwe ezazinalezi zinhlayiya, okubonisa umehluko omkhulu phakathi kweziqhingi ezingomakhelwane.
Lo msebenzi awuzange ulinganiselwe ekubaleni izinhlayiya, kodwa futhi waqhathanisa imiphumela phakathi kwamazwe nezinhlobo. Ngale ndlela, ososayensi bakwazile ukuhlonza amaphethini avamile esifundeni sasePacific, okuyisisekelo sokuqonda ukuthi yimiphi imiphakathi de peces Zisengozini enkulu yokungcola kwepulasitiki.
Izinhlanzi zasemanzini kanye nezinhlanzi ezihlala phansi yizona ezisengozini kakhulu.
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zocwaningo kwakuwukuhlaziywa kwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi izici zemvelo zezinhloboBahlala kuphi, badlani, nokuthi bazingela kanjani. Ngalolu lwazi, ithimba locwaningo lakwazi ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo de peces Banamathuba amaningi okugwinya ama-microplastic.
Imiphumela yayicacile: Izinhlanzi ezihlobene nama-coral reefs kanye nalezo ezihlala phansi kolwandle zibonisa amazinga aphezulu kakhulu okungcolaNgokuphambene nalokho, izinhlobo ezihlala emachibini asogwini noma olwandle oluvulekile zibonakala zingatholakali kalula, okungenani kulesi sifunda sasePacific.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwaphawulwa ukuthi Izinhlobo ezidla izilwane ezingenamgogodla noma ezifuna ukudla phansi kolwandle Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi bathole futhi badle amapulasitiki amancane, noma bawaphambanise nokudla noma bawadle ngengozi kanye nenhlabathi kanye nemfucumfucu yemvelo. izinkalankala ze-fiddler eziphula amapulasitiki amancane befuna izixazululo.
Phakathi kwezinhlanzi ezihlaziyiwe, kwakukhona izinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlanzi ezibanjwe kuwo wonke amazwe amane: i- Umbusi weminwe (Lethrinus harak) futhi i I-goatfish enemigqa nenemibala (i-Parupeneus barberinus)Kuzo zombili izimo, amasampula avela eFiji yiwo abonise amazinga aphezulu okungcoliswa kwe-microplasticLokhu kuqinisa umqondo wokuthi la manzi athinteka kakhulu.
Le ndlela inemiphumela eqondile emiphakathini edobayo. Izinhlanzi zasemanzini kanye nezinhlanzi ezihlala phansi, ezimweni eziningi, izinhlobo ezifinyeleleka kalula zokudoba ngobuciko nangokuziphilisaLokhu kusho ukuthi imindeni ethembele olwandle ukuze ithole ukudla isemgqeni ophambili wokuchayeka kulokhu kungcola okungabonakali.
Ama-microplastic ezinhlanzini zamatshe: yini ngempela etholakele
Ucwaningo aluzange lubheke nje kuphela ukuba khona noma ukungabikho kokungcola, kodwa futhi lubheke ubuningi kanye nohlobo lwe-microplastic olutholwe ezinhlanziniNakuba ukuvama kokuvela eFiji kwakuphezulu kakhulu, inani lezinhlayiya ezitholakala kumuntu ngamunye livame ukuba liphansi: ezimweni eziningi kuba yiyunithi eyodwa noma ezimbalwa ngenhlanzi ngayinye.
Noma kunjalo, abacwaningi baxwayisa ngokuthi Inani eliphansi ngekhophi ngayinye akusho ukuthi inkinga incane.Ukukhathazeka kusekuqongeleleni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kokubili ezintweni eziphilayo zasolwandle nakubantu abadla izinhlanzi njalo, kanye nemiphumela engakaqondakali kahle yokugwinya lezi zinhlayiya njalo.
Esinye sezinto eziphawuleka kakhulu ukuthi Uhlobo oluvelele lwe-microplastic olutholakele kwakuyimicu yepulasitiki.Lezi zindwangu zivame ukuvela izindwangu zokwenziwa, amanetha okudoba kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswa olwandle.
Ubuningi be-fiber ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla lwezinhlanzi buphonsela inselelo umbono wokuthi Imfucumfucu yasolwandle akuyona nje inkinga yokuhlanza uguKunalokho, kukhomba isenzakalo sokungena kabanzi kwezinto zokwenziwa kulo lonke uhlelo lwemvelo lwasolwandle, kusukela phezulu kuya phansi.
Abalobi balolu cwaningo baveza ukuthi lezi zinhlanzi zasemanzini, ezivame kakhulu ekubanjweni kwansuku zonke, empeleni sezibe izindawo zokugcina ukungcola kwepulasitikiLesi simo sibi kakhulu eFiji, lapho cishe izingxenye ezintathu kwezine zamasampula ahlaziyiwe zaziqukethe okungenani inhlayiya eyodwa ye-microplastic, okuyisilinganiso esiqokomisa ubukhulu benkinga.
Izimbangela ezingaba khona: ukufuduka kwabantu emadolobheni, ukuphathwa kwemfucuza, kanye nokucindezela kogu
Umehluko otholakala phakathi kweziqhingi awubonakali uchazwa yizici zemvelo kuphela. Abacwaningi baveza ukuthi, endabeni yaseFiji, Ubuningi babantu ezindaweni ezithile, intuthuko enkulu yogu lolwandle, kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha udoti namanzi angcolile ezinganele Kungenzeka ukuthi babangela amazinga aphezulu okungcola okubonakalayo.
Ezifundeni lapho ukukhula kwamadolobha kudlula khona ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda, kuvamile ukuthi imfucuza ethile igcine ivele ngqo emifuleni eseduze, emiseleni, noma olwandle. Uma le mfucuza iqukethe ipulasitiki, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iyaqhekeka ibe yizinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu, ekugcineni yakheke... amapulasitiki amancane agcina entanta emanzini noma ebekwe phansi kolwandle.
Iqiniso leFiji kanye namanye amazwe nezindawo zaseziqhingini zasePacific libonisa inkinga ebonakala nasezindaweni eziningi ezisogwini lwaseYurophu: Izinhlelo zokuhlanzeka kanye nokuvuselela kabusha azikwazi njalo ukuvimbela ukugeleza kwepulasitiki.Ngisho nasezindaweni ezikude ngokwendawo nezikhungo ezinkulu zezimboni, imisinga yolwandle igcina ithutha imfucuza isuka ezinkulungwaneni zamakhilomitha ukusuka lapha.
Abacwaningi bagcizelela ukuthi ibanga lala mazwe alisebenzi njengesivikelo. Amanzi olwandle athwala amapulasitiki amancane avela emithonjeni eminingiNgakho-ke, iziqhingi zasePacific, njengezinye izindawo ezisogwini eziningi zaseYurophu, zithola ukungcola okuvela emisebenzini yendawo nakwamanye amazwekazi.
Lesi simo siqinisa umqondo wokuthi Ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki kuyinkinga yomhlaba wonke engenakuxazululwa kuphela ngezinga lendawo.Izinqumo eziphathelene nokukhiqizwa, ukusetshenziswa, kanye nokuphathwa kwemfucuza eYurophu noma kwenye indawo emhlabeni zinemiphumela eqondile empilweni yamadwala nezinhlanzi ezindaweni ezikude njengeFiji.
Umthelela emiphakathini yasogwini kanye nokufana neYurophu
Ngaphandle kwedatha yesayensi, lolu cwaningo lugxile emiphumeleni yezenhlalo nezomnotho yama-microplastic ezinhlanzini zamatshe angaphansi komhlaba. Emazweni nasezindaweni eziningi zasePacific Island, Inhlanzi ingumthombo oyinhloko wamaprotheni futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko lendawo.Ukungcoliswa kwalezi zinsiza kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka ngempilo kanye nekusasa lokudoba ngobuciko.
Ngamazwi abacwaningi, imiphakathi ethembele ekudobeni okuziphilisa isesimweni esibucayi kakhulu: Izinhlanzi abazibamba njalo yizona ezingcoliswe kakhulu.Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kobuthakathaka bemvelo kanye nokuthembela ekudleni kusho ukuthi noma yikuphi ukushintsha kwekhwalithi yezinhlanzi kunomthelela oqondile empilweni yansuku zonke.
Uma sibheka iYurophu, umongo uhlukile, kodwa kukhona ukufana okucacile. Amazwe aseMedithera nase-Atlantic, okuhlanganisa neSpain, anawo ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlanzi kakhulu kanye nomsebenzi omkhulu wokudoba kanye nokufuya izilwane zasemanziniNakuba izibalo kanye nezinhlobo zingafani, izingozi zokungcoliswa kwe-microplastic ochungechungeni lokudla kanye nokuzethemba kwabathengi nakho kusetafuleni.
Umsebenzi owenziwe eFiji nakwezinye iziqhingi zasePacific uwusizo njengoba inkomba yokuqonda ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kwenzekani kwezinye izilwandleUkuntuleka kwedatha ethile kwezinye izifunda zaseYurophu akusho ukuthi akukho nkinga, kodwa kunalokho kunesidingo sokujula kulolu hlobo locwaningo bese uvumelanisa iziphetho nomongo ngamunye.
Kubaphathi bezempilo yomphakathi kanye nokuphathwa kwezokudoba, le miphumela iyisicelo sokuqinisa ukuqapha amapulasitiki amancane ezinhlotsheni ezibalulekile kwezentengiselwanokanye nokukhuthaza imikhankaso yokuqwashisa ngokusetshenziswa kwepulasitiki ngendlela efanele phakathi kwezakhamuzi.
Kungani ama-microplastic ezinhlanzini zamatshe angaphansi komhlaba eyinkinga enkulu kwisayensi
Ama-microplastic ayizingcezu zepulasitiki ezingaphansi kwamamilimitha amahlanu ububanzi, ezivela kokubili ekuqhekekeni kwemfucuza emikhulu kanye nemikhiqizo eyenziwe ngqo ngesimo esincane. Endabeni yezinhlanzi zasemanzini eFiji, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi Lezi zinhlayiya seziyingxenye yokuphila kwansuku zonke kwezindawo zemvelo zasogwini.
Ukukhathazeka kwesayensi kunezindlela eziningana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, akukaziwa ngokunemba. Ukuqhubeka nokugwinya ama-microplastic kuthinta kangakanani i-physiology yezinhlanziekukhuleni kwazo, ekuzaleni, noma ekuziphatheni kwazo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kukhona ukukhathazeka ngamakhemikhali ahlobene nepulasitiki eziningi, okuhlanganisa izithasiselo kanye nezinto ezingcolisayo ezinamathela ebusweni bazo.
Uma inhlanzi idla ama-microplastic, lawa angadlula ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla bese ephuma, kodwa kwezinye izimo angase ukukhulula amakhemikhali noma ukubangela umonakalo ongokwenyamaUma amasampula angcolile ebanjwa futhi edliwa ngabantu, umbuzo uwukuthi lezi zinto zifinyelela kangakanani epuletini nokuthi yimiphi imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezinayo empilweni yabantu.
Ochwepheshe bagcizelela ukuthi, okwamanje, Azikho izimpendulo eziqondile kuyo yonke le mibuzo.Kodwa-ke, inani elikhulayo lezifundo ezithola amapulasitiki amancane ezintweni eziphilayo zasolwandle likhomba isidingo sokuthatha isinyathelo sokuqapha. Ukutholwa ngakunye okusha kuqinisa umqondo wokuthi ukunciphisa ukuba khona kwamapulasitiki emvelweni kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuvikela kokubili imvelo kanye nokuphepha kokudla.
Kulokhu, indaba yezinhlanzi zasemanzini aseFiji isibe yisibonelo esicacile sendlela Ukungcoliswa kwepulasitiki akuseyona inkinga yobuhle nje kuphela; sekuyinkinga yezemvelo kanye nempilo yabantu., nemiphumela edlula kude imingcele yezwe.
Ngale kokusebenzisa kabusha: isicelo sesivumelwano somhlaba wonke mayelana nepulasitiki
Iziphetho zomsebenzi owenziwa eFiji, eTonga, eTuvalu naseVanuatu zihambisana nephuzu elilodwa: Izixazululo zendabuko, ezigxile ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kanye nokuphathwa kwemfucuza engapheli, azanele. uma kubhekwa ubukhulu benkinga yama-microplastic.
Abalobi balolu cwaningo baphakamisa ukuthi baqhubekele endleleni yokuzikhandla kakhulu, okuhlanganisa ukuncishiswa kokukhiqizwa kwepulasitiki okuyinhloko kanye nokukhawulelwa kwezithasiselo ezithile ezinobuthiLeli cebo, ngokombono wakhe, lingafezeka kuphela ngezivumelwano zomhlaba wonke eziqinile, njenge- Isivumelwano Somhlaba Wonke Noma Somhlaba Ngepulasitiki.
Umqondo uwukuthi, ngendlela efanayo naleyo okufinyelelwe ngayo izivumelwano zomhlaba wonke zokubhekana nezinye izinselele zemvelo, njengegesi ebangela ukushisa, umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba uzibophezele ekunciphiseni ukugeleza kwepulasitiki olwandleNgaphandle kwalokho, imizamo yendawo, nakuba idingeka, izohlala iyisisombululo sebhandeshi enkingeni engenamingcele.
Ngokombono waseYurophu, lezi zinhlobo zezinhlelo ziyahambisana nezinqubomgomo esezivele zikhuthazwa ukuthi Ukunciphisa ipulasitiki esetshenziswa kanye, ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka komkhiqizo, kanye nokukhuthaza amaphethini okusetshenziswa okusimeme kakhudlwanaKodwa-ke, ochwepheshe baveza ukuthi izinqumo kumele ziguqule zibe izinguquko zangempela ekukhiqizeni nasekuhwebeni, futhi zingagcini nje ngokuba yizimemezelo zenhloso.
Idatha etholakale ezitsheni zaseFiji, ngephesenti eliphezulu kangaka de peces zingcoliswe yi-microplastics, zibonakala sengathi ubufakazi obuqand’ ikhanda obuchitha umuzwa wokulondeka ongamanga okungaba khona ezindaweni ezibonakala zikude kakhulu nezindawo ezinkulu zokungcola. Kunokuba yinkinga eyodwa, isimo salezi ziqhingi sibonisa okwenzekayo, ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane, kwezinye izilwandle eziningi emhlabeni jikelele.
Uma sibheka okwenzekayo ezinhlanzini zasemanzini eFiji, kusobala ukuthi ukulwa ne-microplastic kudinga ukwenza okungaphezu kokuhlanza amabhishi noma izitsha zokusebenzisa kabusha: Kudingeka sibukeze indlela esikhiqiza, esidla ngayo, futhi esiphatha ngayo ipulasitiki emhlabeni jikelele.Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho kuzokwenzeka khona ukunciphisa umthwalo ezindaweni zemvelo zasolwandle, ukuvikela izindawo zokudoba izigidi zabantu ezithembele kuzo, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinhlanzi ezifika ematafuleni ethu, kokubili ePacific naseYurophu, ziyimithombo enempilo njengoba kufanele.
