Ukuhlala ndawonye kwemisebenzi yokudoba kanye nezilwane zasendle zasolwandle bekulokhu kunezinzuzo nezinkinga, kanti ukubanjwa kwezinhlanzi ngengozi kungenye yezinkinga ezicindezela kakhulu ezibhekene nolwandle lwethu. Lapho amahlengethwa noma ama-porpoise ebhajwa emishinini yokudoba engahloselwe wona, umphumela uvame ukuba yingozi, okubangela ikhanda elibuhlungu kakhulu kubantu. ukuhlukahluka kwezinto zasolwandle kanye nokusimama kokudoba kulo lonke elaseYurophu kanye nomhlaba wonke.
Ukuze bazame ukuxazulula le nkinga ngendlela engababhubhisi abadobi, ithimba labacwaningi bamazwe ngamazwe liqhamuke nomqondo obonakala sengathi uvela ku-MacGyver kodwa osebenza izimanga. Lolu hlelo luhilela ukusebenzisa izinto ezilahliwe, ikakhulukazi amabhodlela epulasitiki nengilazi, ukuze zisebenze njenge-alamu ye-acoustic. Kuyisisombululo se umnotho ojikelezayo ofuna ukuvikela izilwane ezincelisayo ngaphandle kokubeka izindleko ezingabizi ezinqoleni zobuchwepheshe, okuyinto enhle kakhulu uma ubheka isimo samanje.
Icebo elihlakaniphile lokusebenzisa amabhodlela njengezibuko ze-acoustic
Isayensi ngemuva kwalokhu kusungulwa ilula njengoba isebenza kahle. Amahlengethwa azulazula esebenzisa umsindo, ekhipha ukuchofoza okugxuma ezintweni—inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-echolocation. Amanetha e-nylon avamile, ngazo zonke izinjongo ezisebenzayo, awabonakali “ku-radar” yawo yemvelo, okwenza ashayisane nawo ngaphandle kokuqaphela. Ngokubopha amabhodlela epulasitiki angenalutho anomoya ngaphakathi Kumanethi, lawa asebenza njengezibuko zomsindo ezibonisa ukushaya kwesilwane ngokucacile, okuzivumela ukuba zigweme isithiyo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
USolwazi Per Berggren, uchwepheshe ohamba phambili kwezokulondolozwa kwezilwane ezinkulu zasolwandle eNyuvesi yaseNewcastle, ube yisishoshovu esiqhuba lo msebenzi. Akugcini nje ngokusetshenziswa kwamabhodlela epulasitiki; amabhodlela engilazi nawo adlale indima ebalulekile. Kulokhu, izikulufo zengezwa ngaphakathi ukuze, ngokuhamba kwamanzi, zikhiqize i- ukungqongqoza kwensimbi okuxwayisa amahlengethwa ngaphambi kokuba zisondele kakhulu endaweni eyingozi. Kuyamangalisa lokho ongakufeza ngobuhlakani obuncane kanye nokuchitha imali obekungagcina kudoti. okubangela ukungcoliswa kolwandle.
Ingxenye engcono kakhulu ukuthi lolu hlelo aluyona into ehlala elabhorethri; luye lwahlolwa eceleni kwabadobi. Kwahlelwa imihlangano yokusebenzela ukuze abadobi ngokwabo bakwazi ukufunda ukufaka la madivayisi emishinini yabo, balungise amabanga nezinsimbi ukuze ukukwazi ukuqondisa kwenethiwekhi bekungeke kube sengozini ngesikhathi somsebenzi. Kubalulekile ukuthi lezi zinyathelo zibe wusizo, ngoba uma ziphazamisa ngenkathi zisebenza, ngeke zisetshenziswe ekugcineni.
Impumelelo enkulu ekudobeni phansi
Idatha eqoqwe ezifundweni ezahlukahlukene, eshicilelwe kumajenali adumile njengeFisheries Research kanye neMarine Mammal Science, iyathembisa impela. Ekuhlolweni okwenziwe kuma-gillnet angaphansi, i- Ukwehla okungu-88% ekubanjweni kwamahlengethwa ngengoziKuyisibalo esimangalisayo esifakazela ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi izixazululo ezilula kakhulu zisebenza kahle kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphuzu elibalulekile ukuthi inani lezinhlanzi ezibanjwe ngokuhweba alizange lishintshe, ngakho-ke indlela yokuphila yabadobi ayizange ithinteke nakancane.
Kodwa-ke, lo mshini unezincazelo zawo kuye ngokuthi inetha libekwe kuphi. Ezindaweni ezingaphandle, njengalezo ezivivinywe ezindaweni zasePeru noma eZanzibar, ukusebenza kahle kwawo kwakungephezulu kangako. Kubonakala sengathi umsindo ozungezile eduze kobuso, obangelwa amagagasi nezinye izici, wenza kube nzima ngamahlengethwa ukuhlukanisa umsindo wamabhodlela. Noma kunjalo, emanzini aseBrazil, Ukwehla kwe-bycatch cishe bekupheleleLokhu kuvula ithuba elikhulu lokusebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ogwini lwaseYurophu lapho ukudoba phansi kuvamile khona.
Lesi sinyathelo asigcini nje ngokusindisa izimpilo zezilwane kodwa futhi sinikeza impilo yesibili kumapulasitiki agcwele ogwini lwethu. Amabhodlela anobukhulu obuhlukene, kusukela ku-250 ml kuya ku-1.5 litre, asetshenzisiwe, okubonisa ukuthi noma yisiphi isitsha esivalwe kahle singaba umsindisi wokuphila. Umqondo uwukuthi le ndlela isakazeke emhlabeni wonke, ikhuthaze ukubambisana kwangempela phakathi komphakathi wesayensi nabadobi ukunakekela imvelo ngendlela eshibhile nefinyeleleka kalula kuwo wonke umuntu.
Ekugcineni, okusobala ukuthi ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu akudingeki bube bubiza kakhulu noma buyinkimbinkimbi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngenxa yalezi zifundo, kuye kwafakazelwa ukuthi into evamile njengebhodlela lesoda inganciphisa enye yezingozi ezinkulu ezincelisayo zasolwandle ngaphandle kokulimaza umsebenzi wezomnotho wemindeni ethembele olwandle. Kuyintuthuko ekhombisa ukuthi, nge ifa kanye nezinto eziphinde zasetshenziswaKungenzeka ukuvikela ulwandle lwethu ngempumelelo nangendlela elinganiselayo ukuze izizukulwane ezizayo ziqhubeke nokujabulela ukuba khona kwamahlengethwa ogwini lwethu.